Umayyad Caliphate

The Umayyads ruled from 661–750 and made Damascus their capital, so the Land of Israel was relatively close to the center of power. Jerusalem became very important in Islamic religious architecture during this period. The Dome of the Rock was built in 691/692, and the Al-Aqsa Mosque developed on the Temple Mount area. For Jews, this period continued Muslim rule over Jerusalem, and Jewish communities existed in the land, though under the status of protected but subordinate non-Muslims (Dhimmis).