Fatimid Caliphate

The Fatimids, a Shiʿa Ismaili caliphate based in North Africa and later Egypt, took control of the Land of Israel in the late 10th century. Their rule was sometimes tolerant and sometimes harsh, depending on the ruler. A major event was under Caliph al-Hakim, who ordered the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in 1009, increasing Christian anger toward the region. Jewish communities continued to exist, especially in Jerusalem, Ramla, Tiberias, and other towns. The Fatimid period ended in the region when the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099.