Leningrad Codex

The Leningrad Codex is the oldest surviving complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew. It was copied in Cairo by the scribe Samuel ben Jacob and follows the Masoretic Text with the Tiberian vowel marks, cantillation signs, and Masoretic notes that preserve the traditional reading of the Tanakh.

It is especially important because, unlike the older Aleppo Codex, the Leningrad Codex survived complete. Because of that, it became the base text for major modern scholarly editions of the Hebrew Bible, including Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia and Biblia Hebraica Quinta. Today it is kept in the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg.