Hadrianic expulsion

After crushing the Bar Kokhba Revolt in 135, Emperor Hadrian punished Judea severely. Many Jews were killed, enslaved, or expelled from Jerusalem and parts of Judea. Jerusalem was rebuilt as a Roman city called Aelia Capitolina, and Jews were largely banned from entering it except, according to later tradition, on days of mourning. The province was renamed Syria Palaestina, which was meant to weaken the Jewish connection to Judea. From a Jewish perspective, this marked a major stage in exile and the loss of Jewish political control in the land.