Yitzhak Shamir

Shamir returned as prime minister after the rotation agreement and later led right-wing governments. He resisted international pressure for major territorial concessions but attended the Madrid Peace Conference in 1991 under U.S. pressure. His government also managed the arrival of large numbers of Soviet Jewish immigrants.

His leadership was cautious and security-focused. He is remembered as a leader who believed time and endurance were central to Jewish survival and Israeli strategy.