The chain of tradition
From the Men of the Great Assembly to our own day: the Torah handed on from hand to hand, period by period.
Open the chronicle on the mapNo land, no Temple, no king: what holds the people together is a conversation. Eight generations of masters carry it: the Men of the Great Assembly, the Pairs, the Tannaim of the Mishnah, the Amoraim of the Talmud, the Savoraim who sealed it, the Geonim of Babylon, the Rishonim of Spain and Ashkenaz, and the Acharonim down to our time. Watch its centre move from Judea to Babylon, to Spain and the Rhine, to Safed and Eastern Europe, and back to Jerusalem.
Men of the Great Assembly 3 moments
Zugot, the Pairs 6 moments
- Yose ben Yoezer & Yose ben Yochanan−200 – −150
Yehoshua ben Perachyah & Nittai of Arbela−150 – −100
Hillel the Elder−110 – 10- Yehudah ben Tabbai & Shimon ben Shetach−100 – −60
Shemayah & Avtalyon−60 – −30
Shammai the Elder−50 – 30
Tannaim 9 moments
Rabban Gamliel HaZaken−10 – 50
Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai30 – 90
Rabbi Akiva50 – 135
Rabban Gamliel II of Yavne80 – 120
Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai (Rashbi)90 – 160
Rabbi Meir100 – 163
Rabbi Yose ben Halafta100 – 165
Bruriah110 – 160
Rabbi Yehudah HaNasi135 – 219
Amoraim 10 moments
Mar Shmuel165 – 254- Rav / Abba Arika175 – 247
- Rabbi Yochanan bar Nafcha180 – 279
- Resh Lakish200 – 275
- Rav Huna216 – 297
Abaye280 – 339
Rava280 – 352- Rav Huna bar Yehoshua330 – 410
Rav Ashi352 – 427
Ravina II422 – 499
Savoraim 6 moments
Rav Yose470 – 520
Rav Simuna480 – 540
Rav Revai of Rov500 – 560- Ravina bar Huna520 – 590
- Mar Rab Hanan of Iskiya540 – 610
- Mar Rab Mar560 – 620
Geonim 7 moments
Achai Gaon680 – 761- Yehudai Gaon680 – 760
- Amram Gaon810 – 875
Saadia Gaon882 – 942
Sherira Gaon906 – 1006- Samuel ben Hofni Gaon920 – 1013
- Hai Gaon939 – 1038
Rishonim 15 moments
- Rabbeinu Gershom960 – 1028
(Rif) Rabbi Yitzḥak Alfasi1013 – 1103
(Rashi) Rabi Shlomo Itzjaki1040 – 1105
Yehuda HaLevi1075 – 1141
Abraham ibn Ezra1089 – 1167
Rabbeinu Tam1100 – 1171
(Raavad) Rabbi Avraham ben David of Posquières1125 – 1198
(Rambam) Moshé ben Maimón1138 – 1204
(Ramban) Moshéh ben Najmán1194 – 1270
(Rashba) Rabbi Shlomo ben Aderet1235 – 1310
(Rosh) Rabbi Asher ben Yehiel1250 – 1327
(Ran) Rabbeinu Nissim of Gerona1320 – 1376- (Rivash) Rabbi Yitzḥak ben Sheshet1326 – 1408
- (Rashbatz) Rabbi Shimon ben Tzemach Duran1361 – 1444
Rabbi Don Yitzḥak Abravanel1437 – 1508
Acharonim 21 moments
Rabbi Yosef Karo1488 – 1575
Maharal of Prague1520 – 1609
(Rama) Rabbi Moshe Isserles1530 – 1572
(Arizal) Rabbi Yitzchak Luria1534 – 1572
(Shach) Rabbi Shabtai HaKohen1621 – 1662
Magen Avraham1635 – 1682
Rabbi Tzvi Ashkenazi1656 – 1718
Baal Shem Tov1698 – 1760
(Ramchal) Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto1707 – 1746
Vilna Gaon1720 – 1797
(Alter Rebbe) Rabbi Shneur Zalman1745 – 1812
Rabbi Moshe Sofer1762 – 1839
Rabbi Nachman of Breslov1772 – 1810
Samson Raphael Hirsch1808 – 1888
Rabbi Israel Salanter1809 – 1883
(Chafetz Chaim) Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan1838 – 1933
Rav Kook1865 – 1935
Chazon Ish1878 – 1953
Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson1902 – 1994
Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik1903 – 1993
Rabbi Ovadia Yosef1920 – 2013
The texts 22 moments
Tanakh Formation−400
Seder Olam Rabbah160
Targum Onkelos200
Mishnah Compiled200
Pirkei Avot200
Tosefta250
Jerusalem Talmud350
Babylonian Talmud500
Masoretic Text Tradition600
The Siddur850
Aleppo Codex920
Midrash RabbahMar 1000
Sefer HaKuzariMar 1140
Mishneh TorahMar 1180
Guide for the Perplexed1190
ZoharMar 1290
Arba’ah TurimMar 1340
Bomberg Talmud1520
Shulchan AruchMar 1565
Mesillat Yesharim1740
Tanya1796
Mishnah Berurah1884